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Plymouth (founded 1928 - dissolved 2001) was a marque of automobile based in the United States, marketed by the Chrysler Corporation and DaimlerChrysler.
The Plymouth automobile was introduced on July 7, 1928. It was the Chrysler Corporation's first entry in the low-priced field, which at the time was dominated by Chevrolet and Ford. Plymouths were actually priced a little higher than the competition, but they offered standard features such as external expanding hydraulic brakes that the competition did not provide. Plymouths were originally sold exclusively through Chrysler dealerships. The logo featured a rear view of the Mayflower ship which landed at Plymouth Rock. However, the Plymouth brand name came from Plymouth Binder Twine, chosen by Joe Frazer for its popularity among farmers.
The origins of the first Plymouth can be traced back to the Maxwell automobile. When Walter P. Chrysler took over control of the trouble-ridden Maxwell-Chalmers car company in the early 1920s, he inherited the Maxwell as part of the package. After he used the company's facilities to help create and launch the Chrysler car in 1924, he decided to create a lower-priced companion car. So for 1926 the Maxwell was reworked and re-badged as the low-end Chrysler "52" model. In 1928, the "52" was once again redesigned to create the Chrysler-Plymouth Model Q. The "Chrysler" portion of the nameplate was dropped with the introduction of the Plymouth Model U in 1929.
While the original purpose of the Plymouth was simply to cover a lower-end marketing niche, during the Great Depression of the 1930s the car would help significantly in ensuring the survival of the Chrysler Corporation in a decade when many other car companies failed. Beginning in 1930, Plymouths were sold by all three Chrysler divisions (Chrysler, DeSoto, and Dodge). Plymouth sales were a bright spot during this dismal automotive period, and by 1931 Plymouth rose to the number three spot among all cars. In 1932 with the Model PB, the company introduced Floating power and boasted, "The economy of a four; the smoothness of a six."
In 1939 Plymouth produced 417,528 vehicles, of which 5,967 were roadsters, or two-door convertibles with rumble seats. The 1939 Roadster was prominently featured at Chrysler's exhibit at the 1939 World's Fair, advertised as the first mass-production convertible with a power folding top. It featured a 201-cubic-inch, 82 horsepower (61 kW) version of the Chrysler Flathead Six engine.
For much of its life, Plymouth was one of the top selling American automobile brands, along with Chevrolet and Ford ("the low-priced three"). Plymouth even surpassed Ford for a time in the 1940s as the second most popular make of automobiles in the U.S.
Plymouth Station Wagon 1954
Through 1956, Plymouth vehicles were known for their durability, affordability and engineering. In 1957, Chrysler's Forward Look styling theme produced cars with much more advanced styling than Chevrolet or Ford. Because of its new "Forward Look" styling, however, 1957 total production soared to 726,009, about 200,000 more than 1956, and the largest output yet for Plymouth. The marque also introduced its limited production Fury line in 1956, and it too benefited from the crisp Forward Look designs.
Most Plymouth models offered from the late 1980s onward, such as the Acclaim, Laser, Neon, and Breeze, were badge-engineered versions of Chrysler, Dodge, or Mitsubishi models. Chrysler considered giving Plymouth a variant, to be called the Accolade, of the new-for-1993 full-size LH platform, but decided against it. By the late 1990s, only four vehicles were sold under the Plymouth name: the Voyager/Grand Voyager minivans, the Breeze mid-size sedan, the Neon compact car, and the Prowler sports car, which was to be the last model unique to Plymouth.
The late 90's letter emblem from a 1999 Neon
After discontinuing the Eagle brand in 1998, Chrysler was planning to expand the Plymouth line with a number of unique models before the corporation's merger with Daimler-Benz AG. The first model was the Plymouth Prowler, a modern-day hot rod.
Prowler
The PT Cruiser was to have been the second. Both models had similar front-end styling, suggesting Chrysler intended a retro styling theme for the Plymouth brand. At the time of Daimler's takeover of Chrysler, Plymouth had no unique models besides the Prowler not also available in the Dodge or Chrysler lines. Further, while all Plymouth dealers also sold the Chrysler line of cars, many Dodge dealers sold only Dodge; it would have caused much greater disturbance to the dealer network to discontinue Dodge than Plymouth. Consequently, DaimlerChrysler decided to drop the make after a limited run of 2001 models. This was announced on November 3, 1999.
The last new model sold under the Plymouth marque was the second generation Neon for 2000-2001. The PT Cruiser was ultimately launched as a Chrysler, and the Prowler and Voyager were absorbed into that make as well. Following the 2001 model year, the Neon was sold only as a Dodge in the US, though it remained available as a Chrysler in Canadian and other markets. The Plymouth Breeze was dropped after 2000, before Chrysler introduced their redesigned 2001 Dodge Stratus and Chrysler Sebring sedan.
1960: Dodge introduces the smaller, lower-priced "Dart" series that competes directly with Plymouth's offerings.
1961 and 1962: Rambler and then Pontiac assumes third place in industry sales for the remainder of the 1960s.
1962: Sales drop dramatically with the introduction of a line of unpopularly-styled, downsized full-size models.
1971: Unable to afford to develop its own subcompact, the British Hillman Avenger is imported as the Plymouth Cricket, which is discontinued in mid-1973.
1974: The Dodge Dart and Plymouth Valiant are, for the first time, different only in name and minor trim details. This continues with the Dodge Aspen and Plymouth Volare as well as all further passenger car models. The car that would ultimately become the Chrysler Cordoba is reassigned to Chrysler from Plymouth. Last year for Barracuda.
1976: Last model year for the Valiant/Duster. First model year for the Volare.
1977: The large Gran Fury is discontinued.
1978: The mid-size Fury is discontinued at the end of the model year.
1979: Plymouth's lineup is reduced to the Horizon and Volare, and three rebadged Mitsubishi imports.
1979/1980: Chrysler makes several thousand more Dodges than Plymouths for the first time. More Plymouths would be made than Dodges for 1981 and 1982, but from then on there will always be more Dodges made than Plymouths.
1980: Newport-based Gran Fury introduced. Last year for Volare.
1981: The full-size Gran Fury and Trailduster SUV's last year.
1989: The mid-size Gran Fury (Caravelle in Canada) as well as the Reliant are discontinued after this model year. The Reliant is replaced by the Acclaim.
1994: The little-advertised Laser sport-compact as well as the popular Sundance and Colt compacts all end production. They are replaced by a single car, the Neon.
1995: Plymouth's lineup is at its all time low, just 3 cars: the Acclaim, the Neon, and the Voyager/Grand Voyager. The number will go up to 4 in 1997, with the introduction of the Prowler, but will never get any higher.
1996: In an attempt to move Plymouth downmarket, Chrysler makes the redesigned Voyager only available in base and mid-level SE models. All of the higher-end trim levels available on the previous generation can now only be found on the Dodge Caravan.
1999: The redesigned 2000 Neon becomes the brand's last new model.
2000: The mid-size Breeze ends production. This is also the last year for the Voyager minivan as a Plymouth. All 2000 Voyagers built in December 1999 and beyond are badged as Chrysler Voyagers. In Canada, the redesigned Neon is sold under the Chrysler name, leaving only the Voyager and Prowler in the lineup. Almost 250,000 more Dodges are built than Plymouths for this year.
2001: Plymouth's final model year. Only the Neon remains in the Plymouth line. The Prowler becomes a Chrysler. The Breeze is dropped as Chrysler issues the Chrysler Sebring sedan to replace the Chrysler Cirrus. The PT Cruiser is launched as a Chrysler, though it was originally planned to be a Plymouth. The final Plymouth, a Neon, is assembled on June 28, 2001.
Plymouth car models
Plymouth models included the following:
Plymouth Model 30U (1930)
Plymouth Acclaim (1989-1995)
Plymouth Arrow (1976-1980, rebadged Mitsubishi Lancer Celeste)
Plymouth Arrow Truck (1979-1982, rebadged Mitsubishi Forte)
Plymouth Barracuda (1964-1974)
Plymouth Belvedere (1954-1970)
Plymouth Breeze (1996-2000)
Plymouth Business (1935-1938)
Plymouth Caravelle (1985-1988)
Plymouth Cambridge (1951-1953)
Plymouth Champ (1979-1982, rebadged Mitsubishi Mirage)
Plymouth Colt (1983-1994, rebadged Mitsubishi Mirage)
Plymouth Commercial Car (1937-1941)
Plymouth Concord (1951-1953)
Plymouth Conquest (1984-1986, rebadged Mitsubishi Starion)
Plymouth Cranbrook (1951-1953)
Plymouth Cricket (1971-1975, rebadged Hillman Avenger)
Plymouth Deluxe (1933-1942, 1946-1950)
Plymouth Duster (1970-1976,1985-1986)
Plymouth Fury (1956-1978)
Plymouth Gran Fury (1975-1977, 1980-1989)
Plymouth Grand Voyager (1987-2000)
Plymouth GTX (1967-1971)
Plymouth Horizon (1978-1990)
Plymouth Laser (1990-1994, rebadged Mitsubishi Eclipse)
Plymouth Neon (1995-2001)
New Finer Plymouth (1932)
Plymouth Model PA (1931)
Plymouth Plaza (1954-1958)
Plymouth Prowler (1997-2001)
Plymouth Model Q (1928)
Plymouth Reliant (1981-1989)
Plymouth Roadking (1938-1941)
Plymouth Road Runner (1968-1980)
Plymouth Sapporo (1978-1983, rebadged Mitsubishi Galant)
Plymouth Satellite (1966-1974)
Plymouth Savoy (1951-1965)
Plymouth Scamp (1971-1976, 1983)
Plymouth Six (1934)
Plymouth Special Six (1934)
Plymouth Standard (1933, 1935)
Plymouth Sundance (1987-1994)
Plymouth Suburban
Plymouth Superbird (1970)
Plymouth TC3 (1979-1982)
Plymouth Trailduster (1974-1981)
Plymouth Turismo (1983-1987)
Plymouth Model U (1929)
Plymouth Valiant (1960-1976)
Plymouth VIP (1966-1969)
Plymouth Volare (1976-1980)
Plymouth Voyager (1974-2000)
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